Vincent Dubois SAGE (UMR 7363)
Sciences Po, Le Cardo, 7 rue de l’Ecarlate CS 20024 67082 Strasbourg Cedex France
+33 (0)3 68 81 65 70 vincent.dubois@misha.fr
Vincent Dubois SAGE (UMR 7363)
Sciences Po, Le Cardo, 7 rue de l’Ecarlate CS 20024 67082 Strasbourg Cedex France
+33 (0)3 68 81 65 70 vincent.dubois@misha.fr
Accueil du site > publications > Ouvrages / Books > Bureaucrat and the Poor.
Encounters in French Welfare Offices
Welfare offices usually attract negative descriptions of bureaucracy with their queues, routines, and impersonal nature. Are they anonymous machines or the locus of neutral service relationships ? Showing how people experience state public administration, The Bureaucrat and the Poor provides a realistic view of French welfare policies, institutions and reforms and, in doing so, dispels both of these myths. Combining Lipsky’s street-level bureaucracy theory with the sociology of Bourdieu and Goffman, Vincent Dubois analyses face-to-face encounters and demonstrates the complex relationship between welfare agents, torn between their institutional role and their personal feelings, and welfare applicants, required to translate their personal experience into bureaucratic categories. Placing these interactions within the broader context of social structures and class, race and gender, the author unveils both the social determinations of these interpersonal relationships and their social functions. Increasing numbers of welfare applicants, coupled with mass unemployment, family transformations and the so-called ‘integration problem’ of migrants into French society deeply affect these encounters. Staff manage tense situations with no additional resources – some become personally involved, while others stick to their bureaucratic role ; most of them alternate between involvement and detachment, assistance and domination. Welfare offices have become a place for ‘resocialisation’, where people can talk about their personal problems and ask for advice. On the other hand, bureaucratic encounters are increasingly violent, symbolically if not physically. More than ever, they are now a means of regulating the poor.
This first-rate ethnography provides a unique vista point from which to understand how public policy translates into mundane dealings with marginal populations. By mating the theories of Bourdieu, Goffman and Lipsky, The Bureaucrat and the Poor delivers the best analysis yet of the specificity of bureaucratic domination and makes a signal contribution to the comparative sociology of welfare reform in the neoliberal era.
Loïc Wacquant, University of California, Berkeley, USA
A lucid, well-written and well-organised account of everyday bureaucracy at the welfare agency’s window : first-class empirical sociology, savvy, streetwise, and with a wicked sense of clients’ covert tactics. French bureaucrats and their clients are clearly not unique : as Dubois portrays them they look uncannily familiar.
Abram de Swaan, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Vincent Dubois’ newly translated The Bureaucrat and the Poor : Encounters in French Welfare Offices provides an ethnographic ‘insider’s’ look at the double role enacted by welfare workers as they encounter their clients. In his ethnographer’s role, Dubois follows these street-level bureaucrats up close and personal, and explores the workers’ ‘double bodied-ness’ as they juggle at one and the same time their administrative roles and responsibilities with their human compassion for the misery of the poor with whom they interact and whose lives they are called upon to regulate. The book is an astute study of the interrelationships between social conditions and administrative practices, analysing the impact of welfare policies and practices on the well-being of their implementors, as well as their clients. In addition, it provides a superb illustration of the advantages of an interpretive analytic approach to the analysis of public policies, one that rests on ethnographic methods that are focused on questions of meaning for all concerned in a complex policy and organisational situation.
Dvora Yanow, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
By emphasising the encounters of the least powerful state actors and our least powerful citizens, Dubois presents a different, at once more troubling and hopeful view of the administrative state. Throughout The Bureaucrat and the Poor the emphasis remains on the fragility of social roles : nothing is so fixed as to prove immutable ; all is contested and in play. For students and scholars of administration and policy, these are essential insights and well worth the read to appreciate in full.
Steven Maynard-Moody, The University of Kansas, USA
Voir en ligne : Routledge
table of contents / introduction / index / extracts
Reviews : / Book forum with Michael Lipsky & Frédéric Viguier, French Politics, Culture & Society / American Anthropologist / European Journal of Social Work / Public Administration Review / Critical Policy Studies / Critical Social Policy / Contemporary Sociology / Qualitative Sociology Review / New Politics / Social Policy & Administration